Geographical Features
Baotou, located in the middle west of Inner Mongolia with the latitude of 40o 38'north and the longitude of 109o59'east, is the largest industrial city in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and it lies in the "Golden Triangle"of Hetao Plain. Baotou has become well known since the New Year's Day of 1923, when the Ping-Sui Railway was extended west to Baotou. On July 3 1927, geologist Ding Daoheng discovered the Baiyunebo Mine and predicted that Baotou would be an iron-and-steel base in China. Baotou is rich in mineral resource. Its coal reserve is about a quarter of china, irons reserve in Baiyunerbo over 1 billion tons, rare earth listing first in the world and Nb the second. It's an important industrial base for metallurgy, machinery, chemicals and energy in China. It is also abundant in rare earth. The total area of Baotou covers 27,691 square kilometers, 160.6 square kilometers of which is urbanized. It also enjoys the name of "steel city on grassland", and "kingdom of rare earth". After 50 years development, a sophisticated industrial system main in iron and steel, rare earth, metallurgy, applicable machinery manufacturing, non-ferrous metal, textile, electronics and chemistry has been formed. It is conveniently connected by rail with Beijing, Lanzhou, the Republic of Mongolia, and Russia.
People
Baotou is a city with 37 nationalities. The people of Mongolia, Han, Man, Hui, Dawuer and Ewenke can be found here. It has a population of 2,011,000, among whom 1,300,000 are city dwellers.
History
Developed as a small commercial center in the 1880s, Baotou began to grow as a manufacturing hub while it was part of the Japanese-controlled state of Meng-chiang (1937-1945). It was returned to Chinese control in 1945 and became a center of heavy industry in the 1950s. Just to the north of the both the Yellow River and the Gobi Desert, the city was established in the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911 AD) on a Neolithic site. The city came to become the largest in the province after the Communists came to power in 1950.
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